Coastal Habitat Conservation: New Perspectives and Sustainable Development of Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Cover
Front Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Impacts, evolution, and changes of pressure on marine ecosystems in recent times. Toward new emerging and unforeseen impact ...
Introduction
Traditional impacts on marine ecosystems: Past, present, and future
Overexploitation
Marine pollution
Coastal destruction
Nonindigenous species
Climate change
New emerging impacts within the Anthropocene: Is really a sustainable development being achieved?
Global warming and marine heat waves
Acidification
Plastics
What we know and what we don’t know
Where are we going in marine conservation?
References
Marine area-based conservation in the context of global change: Advances, challenges, and opportunities, with a focus on th ...
Introduction
Evolution and advances in marine area-based conservation
Marine protected areas (MPAs)
Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs)
Marine spatial planning
The pressing need for ecosystem-based monitoring and integration of climate change
Ecosystem-based monitoring for ecosystem-based management
Integration of climate change
Challenges and opportunities in marine area-based conservation: The Mediterranean as showcase
Main challenges impeding effective marine area-based conservation
Opportunities to innovate in marine area-based conservation
References
Further reading
Coastal urbanization, an issue for marine conservation
Proliferation and impacts of artificial shorelines
The development of artificial shorelines around the world
Ecological impacts of artificial shorelines: Threats and lessons from the last decades
Lessons from actual infrastructures, new ecological engineering and management tools for the mitigation of ecological ...
Ecological status of highly modified water bodies (HMWB): Marinas as case study
Coastal strategies and new technologies for confronting pollution
The importance of substrata complexity and microhabitats diversity
The role of the materials used for coastal marine constructions
Restoration of natural shorelines as a strategy for coastal protection
Risks and opportunities for the conservation of local biodiversity and threatened species: The usefulness of new app ...
A social perspective
Ecosystem and cultural services provided by organisms living on artificial structures
The socioeconomic benefits of healthy marine ecosystems in heavily urbanized areas
References
Marine bioinvasions in the Anthropocene: Challenges and opportunities
Introduction
Aims and scope of the chapter
The invasion process
Synergies with other global change drivers
Global vectors, transport hubs
Invasive species impacts
From species to ecosystem services
Uncertainties and challenges for predicting impacts
Early detection and monitoring
Tools to improve resolution and cost effectiveness
Prioritizing strategies and strategic areas for long-term monitoring
Management of marine biological invasions
Reducing and preventing invasions
Regulated and yet unregulated vectors
Recommendations for improving policy and management actions for preventing invasions
The importance of the social dimension for preventing invasions
Managing established invasions
Protocols for selecting and prioritizing feasible actions
Recommendations for improving policy and management actions for established invasions
The importance of the social dimension for established invasions
Concluding remarks and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Aquaculture and conservation
Aquaculture as alternative to sea overexploitation
Impacts of aquaculture
Organic and nutrient enrichment associated with aquaculture facilities
Impacts on the sediment
Impacts in the water column
Impact of fish escape on natural populations
Escapes from coastal and offshore facilities
Ecological impacts of fish escapes
Socioeconomic impacts of fish escapes
Management of fish escapes
Controversy in the use of alien species and genetically improved organisms in aquaculture
Alien species
Genetically improved organisms
Fish viral infections relevant to marine aquaculture
Strategies to reduce negative impact of aquaculture in the context of conservation biology
Development of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
Amphipods as promising resource to reduce the impact of eutrophication in aquaculture
Relevance of ornamental species aquaculture for marine conservation
The need for cultured specimens
The trade in species and the implication for conservation aquaculture
Social implications of aquarium hobby: A psychological perspective
Participation in the marine aquarium hobby
Specific motivating factors to hobby aquaculture
Socially modulated motivation
Challenge meets skill
Niches
Conservation aquaculture of endangered species
Using aquaculture to relieve pressure on endangered aquatic species
Using aquaculture to enhance populations of endangered species
Acknowledgments
References
Conservation of dark habitats
Vulnerable dark and low-light marine habitats: Out-of-sight communities at risk
Technical advances
Remarkable habitats
Submarine caves
Coralligenous outcrops
Maërl beds
Deep-sea habitats dominated by sponges
Gorgonian and black coral gardens
Brachiopod and crinoid beds
Threats and pressures
Direct and indirect effects of climate change
Coastal pollution and urbanization
Alien species
Fishing and harvesting activities
Scuba diving
Mining industry
Conservation strategies
Legal protection
Management of commercial activities
Monitoring tools
Active ecological restoration
Acknowledgments
References
The ecological restoration: A way forward the conservation of marine biodiversity
Introduction
Background
Chapter objectives
Ecological restoration: A way forward
Ecosystem trajectory under natural and man-made influences
The possible actions to place a site or an ecosystem onto desirable trajectory
Why can we conduct restoration work now?
Current regulations and emerging attitude
Existing solutions
Resources and costs
Restoration for tomorrow’s society?
Results of a successful ecological restoration initiatives
Nursery habitats in harbor
Artificial reef
Seagrass transplant
PCC-R-based fish enhancement
Endangered species translocation: The example of the Patella ferruginea limpet and corals
The crucial role of science/knowledge
Toward a new economic sector
Challenges and opportunities in using ecological restoration to address global biodiversity targets
Conclusions and recommendations
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
Public engagement and its challenging role in conservation and monitoring
Public engagement in marine conservation efforts: A new paradigm
Citizen science vs participatory activities
Diving sector as protagonist in marine citizen science
Spaces between conservation science and policy: New approaches to embrace
Inclusiveness fails when there is an underappreciation of values in social research
Learning the tools, methods, and thinking to incorporate transdisciplinarity in marine conservation
Inclusion of stakeholders from early stages
Focus on impact evaluation and learning from failure
Implication of boundary organizations in management of marine areas
Nonprofit organizations as gearing between environmental management and society
Other private entities in conservation projects
Examples of participatory initiatives for conservation of marine ecosystems
A citizen science initiative for seagrass conservation: POSIMED-Andalucía
The seagrass P. oceanica
How POSIMED-Andalucía network works
Sampling methodology
Validation systems
Validation analysis
Main findings within POSIMED project
Conclusions
Participatory activities related to marine litter
Citizen participation in Spain in beach cleanups. From volunteering to citizen science. An example of success
Microplastics, a new challenge in participation activities
An integral study of marine litter in a marine protected area with society participation
Marine debris and its relation to coral conservation in the Mediterranean Sea: “SOS REDES—Alborán” initiative
Participatory activities for coral conservation in the Mediterranean Sea
MedCoral Program, protecting the present to save the future
MedCoral’s latest conservation project: the seeding of recruits
References
Index
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